To calculate standard deviation:
- Find the average (mean) of all the data values. This is called the mean, μ.
- For each data point, subtract the mean from the data value. This is called the deviation.
- Square each deviation to make it positive.
- Add up all the squared deviations.
- Divide the sum by one less than the number of data values.
- Take the square root of the result. The result is the standard deviation, σ.
The standard deviation measures how widely spread out the values are from the average. A low standard deviation indicates the data points tend to be very close to the mean; a high standard deviation indicates the data points are spread out over a wider range of values.
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